Challenges of Implementing Vocational and Technical Education (Engineering and Industrial Specializations) in Schools in the Sultanate of Oman

Abstract

This study investigates the challenges associated with implementing vocational and technical education, specifically engineering and industrial specializations, at the post-basic education level in the Sultanate of Oman, from the perspective of school principals. It also explores proposed solutions to these challenges and examines whether perceptions differ significantly across the Muscat and North Al Batinah governorates. A descriptive survey methodology was adopted, using a structured questionnaire administered to all school principals (N=10) overseeing relevant programs in the two regions. The findings highlight three primary challenges: limited financial support for program implementation, delays in adapting student affairs regulations to suit vocational specializations, and a lack of educational media to raise student awareness. Suggested solutions included enhancing awareness campaigns, updating and enforcing student affairs regulations and evaluation systems, and establishing digital platforms for grade monitoring and reporting. No statistically significant differences were found between the two governorates in terms of perceived challenges. The study suggests implementing more awareness programs, providing clearer information about educational and job options in vocational areas, establishing better rules through educational websites, creating digital tools to track progress, and offering financial or material rewards for students, teachers, and school leaders.