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Reflections from a Group of First-Year Students Studying Life Sciences at a University
Background: This study investigates the experiences of first-year students attending Life Sciences lectures at a South African university. Grounded in Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory, the research aims to enhance teaching practices by aligning them with experiential learning principles to better support student engagement and academic success. Method: A quantitative research design was employed within a positivist paradigm to ensure objectivity and generalizability. Data were collected via a cross-sectional survey administered anonymously to a random sample of 16 students. A 4-point Likert scale questionnaire was developed, comprising 18 constructs reflecting key dimensions of experiential learning. Data were analyzed and presented using graphs and charts. Findings: Students reported high satisfaction with concept clarity, technology integration, real-world relevance, and feedback. However, lower satisfaction was noted in areas such as lecture scheduling, teaching method variety, and classroom participation. These results highlight the need for more flexible and inclusive instructional approaches. Contribution: The study offers practical recommendations for improving Life Sciences education, including blended learning models, varied assessments, and enhanced support systems. It advocates for reinforcing successful practices and implementing transparent communication and staff development to align teaching with student expectations and contemporary educational standards.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vuyokazi Momoti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Perspectives of Science Academics on Translanguaging at a South African University
The research seeks to understand the viewpoints of academics in laboratory settings concerning translanguaging. The research is supported by Translanguaging Theory and Africanism. The theory of Translanguaging challenges traditional ideas about language boundaries and promotes flexible language use. This theory underscores the intricate and ever-changing aspects of language usage, especially in situations involving multiple languages, and stresses the significance of acknowledging and appreciating a variety of linguistic abilities. Africanism pertains to linguistic or cultural traits that are specific to or originate from African languages. Ten researchers participated in the study. The research employed a quantitative approach, utilizing surveys with a 5-point Likert scale, and analyzed the data using descriptive statistics. Research indicates that utilizing a variety of languages improves students' understanding of the content, resulting in improved academic performance. The findings suggest that utilizing pedagogical translanguaging may lead to decreased anxiety and increased confidence among students in the classroom. Majority of the participants favour laboratory worksheets being in English rather than in native languages. It is clear that academics in South Africa need to be empowered to recognize the significance of incorporating African languages into education for teaching and learning purposes today.
Consultation-Driven Mental Health Supports: A Social-Ecological Analysis of Teacher Strategies in Rural Schools
Learner mental health significantly affects academic performance, behaviour, and socio-emotional development, particularly in rural contexts where trained counsellors are scarce. This research-based paper employed a qualitative phenomenological methodology, using semi-structured interviews conducted with six teachers in rural secondary schools in the Vhembe District of South Africa. The purpose was to explore how teachers provide consultation-driven mental health support in environments where professional services are limited. The study found that teachers rely on seven interconnected strategies to support learners’ mental wellbeing. A major finding is that teachers provide informal counselling, conflict mediation, and emotional support because learners often lack parental or professional guidance. Another key finding is that rural adversity, poverty, parental migration, community violence, and unmet basic needs, intensifies learners’ emotional distress, requiring teachers to act as both caregivers and ecological consultants within the school community. Considering the findings, the study suggests that rural schools require strengthened consultation models, improved teacher training, and clearer policy support to enhance comprehensive school mental health systems and ensure that vulnerable learners receive coordinated, sustainable mental health care.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khathutshelo Muluvhu-Malanga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Dynamic Determinants of AI Readiness in ASEAN
Using a panel regression framework based on Difference and System GMM estimators developed by Arellano-Bond and Blundell-Bond, we investigated the dynamic relationship between AI Readiness, Productivity, and Network Infrastructure among six ASEAN member countries (Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam). The findings of this study highlight that productivity growth remains the most critical driver of AI readiness in ASEAN, whereas enhancements in network infrastructure alone are insufficient without corresponding advancements in innovation capacity and digital skills. In addressing endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity, the model conveys that lagged productivity exerts a strong and positive influence on AI readiness, while the effects of network infrastructure and AI implementation are mixed and, in some cases, statistically insignificant. Diagnostic tests, including the Arellano-Bond autocorrelation and Conditional Likelihood Ratio (CLR) test, confirm the validity and robustness of the instruments, confirming model reliability. The study contributes to the understanding of AI-driven development dynamics in emerging economies and supports policy formulation aligned with UN SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) to advance sustainable technological growth and regional competitiveness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vicente E. Montano, Ramonchito M. Nalangan, Rebecca R. Maquiling https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Employment in Financial Sector of United Arab Emirates
With the global advancement of AI, its influence on employment has grown more apparent in nearly all sectors, including the financial sector worldwide. The financial sector in the UAE has experienced substantial changes in job duties and labor requirements, which align with global patterns. This study explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on employment in financial sector of United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study employed regression analysis to examine AI and employment together with technical variables like Automation, Robotics, and Drones. This study employed a meticulous selection technique to choose 319 experts working in the banking, insurance, and financial sectors from the main emirates of the UAE. Automation, artificial intelligence, and robotics all have negative beta values, implying they could reduce employment, but only AI is statistically relevant. A significance level below 0.05 and a beta value of 0.074 support AI's negative impact on employment. Due to its positive beta value and statistical insignificance, drones' impact on employment is refuted by the study. Originality consists in the combination of a targeted research question, personalized technique, and contextual relevance, which advances technology and employment dynamics in the UAE's financial sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hashem Almashaqbah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Early Literacy through Translanguaging: Insights from Multilingual Classrooms in Soshanguve Township, South Africa
This study examines the role of translanguaging in promoting early literacy within multilingual classrooms in South Africa, with a focus on Soshanguve township. In contexts where multiple languages intersect, young learners often rely on flexible linguistic practices to navigate literacy learning. The study draws from classroom observations and interviews with ten participants who were drawn from teachers and parents, highlighting how translanguaging is used as a pedagogical tool to enhance comprehension, scaffold learning, and affirm learners’ linguistic identities. A qualitative approach was used with a case study as the design. An interpretive paradigm was used to look at the day-to-day practices of translanguaging of educators. Data was analysed through thematic analysis. Findings suggest that translanguaging supports early literacy development by bridging home and school languages, fostering participation, and strengthening conceptual understanding. By allowing the use of multiple languages, learners can grasp complex concepts more effectively. The flexibility of translanguaging assists with scaffold learning, making abstract ideas more accessible. Translanguaging practices affirmed learners' linguistic identities, contributing to a positive classroom environment where diversity was valued. This affirmation encouraged students to take pride in their multilingualism. The study recommended that educators and curriculum developers should incorporate translanguaging strategies into early literacy curricula, recognising the linguistic diversity of learners and aligning pedagogical practices with their linguistic realities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Salmita Matshemo Khumalo, Khashane Stephen Malatji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Code-Switching and the Fictionality of Writing: Navigating Conversational and Situational Settings in F.A. Thuketana’s N’waninginingi ma ka Tindleve
Code-switching has, among the Vatsonga, been predominantly studied in the education sector, particularly in the teaching and learning continuum, with limited studies, if any, from literary texts. In this study, the researcher explores the use and impact of code-switching by investigating the reasons behind the use of code-switching techniques by characters in the selected novel. Thus, it attempts to identify and evaluate the use of code-switching in F.A. Thuketana’s novel – N’waninginingi ma ka Tindleve. The study will adopt the qualitative research methodology and exploratory design to explore the use of code-switching in F.A. Thuketana’s novel. The sample of the study is composed of one novel by F.A. Thuketana, which was selected from a pool of his Xitsonga novel. The novel was selected for its unique display of code-switching in portraying characterisation. The researcher used purposive sampling to select the text for the study. Since it is a desk-top research, data will be collected entirely from the selected novel. The researcher will apply thematic analytic methods in the analysis of collected data.
Copyright (c) 2026 N. Chake, O. R. Chauke, T. W. Molotja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Descriptive analysis of South African livestock Farmers Towards the Adoption of Smart Farming Technologies
This study investigates the factors influencing the adoption of smart farming technologies (SFTs) among South African livestock farmers, recognizing that their technology adoption behaviour differs from crop farmers. Using a quantitative descriptive research design, data were collected from 110 livestock farmers through a structured questionnaire. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed to test hypothesised relationships between technological, behavioural, institutional, and perceptual factors. The results show that Perceived Usefulness and Technical Infrastructure are significant predictors of adoption, while Farmers’ Knowledge and Skills, External Support, and Regulatory Environment have weak or non-significant effects. These findings highlight the critical role of infrastructure and perceived benefits over institutional support in shaping adoption decisions. The study contributes to understanding livestock-specific adoption dynamics in a South African context, where infrastructural challenges and behavioural factors intersect. It recommends prioritizing infrastructure investment, emphasizing practical benefits in training programmes, and exploring context-specific business models for smallholder farmers. This research provides empirical evidence to guide policymakers, technology developers, and extension services in fostering digital transformation in the livestock sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alfred Thaga Kgopa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Exploring Teaching Approaches Suitable for Teaching Grade 4 Essay Writing
The purpose of the study was to explore the teaching approaches that are suitable for teaching Grade 4 learners’ English First Additional Language essay writing to bridge the learner articulation gap during the transition from Grade 3 to Grade 4. A qualitative approach was followed with a Case study research design. The research paradigm used in this study was the interpretive paradigm. Purposive sampling was used to select 9 English First Additional Language (EFAL) teachers in 3 primary schools at Malamulele Central Circuit in the Vhembe District of the Limpopo Province. Data was collected through document analysis, focus group interviews, and lesson observation. Kolb’s theory of transformation of experience into effective learning, aligned with the interpretative paradigm, was used in this study. The study found that EFAL learners are unable to write essays that are academically acceptable in terms of the standard that is stipulated in the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) document. Such an articulation gap results in a difficult transition from the foundation to the intermediate phase, which contributes to a high failure rate in Grade 4. The study concluded and recommended that the curriculum during transitioning from the foundation to intermediate phase (Grade 4) should be revised, and the Language of Teaching and Learning (LoTL) in the Foundation Phase should be English.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ezekiel Chauke, Khashane Stephen Malatji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Exploring the Influence of Corporate Power on Electoral Democracy
The South African general election of 2024 is a bright example of the intricate relationship between governance, corporate power, and democracy. In this paper, the author will critically analyse the increasing encroachment of big business into politics, especially through campaign finance and policy capture, and how this has compromised democratic accountability. Using a mixed-methods design that includes the analysis of secondary documents and qualitative interviews with students in the Master of Political Science, the study examines the nature of the power exerted by corporate actors and the implications of such influence in electoral politics and governance in the South African polarised political system. The results demonstrate the relegation of substantive policy matters and grassroots forms of political action, particularly those championed by pro-people parties such as the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), the uMkhonto weSizwe Party (MKP), and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). Conversely, parties that have prevailed in political terms, especially the African National Congress (ANC) and the Democratic Alliance (DA), are depicted as highly cooperative with corporate interests, which has led to the watering down of radical ideas regarding the redistribution of land and equity in wealth. The establishment of the Government of National Unity (GNU) is also indicative of the nature of coalition politics and policy bargaining, which is more likely to satisfy the economic interests of the elite. The rationale for the analysis is a theoretically grounded oligarchy theory by Winters and dependency theory, which explains the continuous democratic distortion in South Africa. It proposes radical campaign finance reforms, equal media attention, and institutional reinforcement by the Electoral Commission, drawing on examples of international campaign finance reforms in the Nordic countries, and contributes to debates on corporate power, governance, and democratic resilience in post-apartheid South Africa.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cwenga Mayekiso, Anesimo Mhlonyani, Zibongiwe Mpongwana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Evaluating the Impact of Project Management Methodologies on Construction Projects Delays in the Mangaung District, South Africa
In Mangaung District, construction project delay is a persistent and costly problem that is predominantly caused by a misalignment between project realities and the project management methodologies adopted. The central research question was the empirical insufficiency of applying either the inflexible waterfall methodology or the totally flexible agile methodology separately in large complex construction projects. To respond to this, the study employed contingency theory. The study employed a quantitative descriptive approach, where the study collected data from 20 construction experts that were conveniently selected in the Mangaung District. The online questionnaire survey and the google form platform were utilized. Waterfall methodology's sequential methodology caused significant phase-to-phase delays, and scope creep was a main problem due to the flexibility of the Agile methodology. The findings indicated that 70% of the participants strongly agreed that the hybrid methodology is the best way to mitigate delays. The findings indicated that 55,6% of participants use agile methodology found it to be moderately effective, further strengthened by the 44,4% of participants that found the methodology extremely effective. Furthermore, this suggests that the agile methodology is generally viewed as highly adaptable and suitable for handling project changes by participants. Therefore, the study recommends that in the interest of greater timely project delivery, local construction companies are advised to employ an immediate contextual hybrid project management methodology, emphasizing formalized planning integration and adaptive implementation. The study further recommended that project teams can manage unexpected challenges, organizations should invest in ongoing training and capacity building for project teams.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sanele Ngcobo, Ipeleng Pilane https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Time Ahead of its Telling: Flashforward as a Literary Strategy for Narrative Progression and Emotional Tension in Chokoe’s Lengwalo (2015)
Flashforward is a narrative technique frequently employed by authors to accelerate plot progression and provide foresight into future events. This study examines the deliberate use of flashforward by Chokoe (2015) in his novel Lengwalo, focusing on how it contributes to plot advancement and offers readers insight into forthcoming developments. The research demonstrates that Chokoe strategically employs flashforward to shape the narrative structure, allowing readers to anticipate events that later unfold as foreseen. A qualitative research methodology was adopted, utilising a case study design. Data were collected through content analysis to explore events depicting flashforward in the novel. The findings reveal that flashforward is used to create a cohesive and structured plot, ensuring continuity and logical flow in the development of events. Furthermore, the technique enhances reader engagement by fostering anticipation and emotional investment in the storyline. Additionally, flashforwards serve to unveil deeper thematic elements and character motivations, enriching the narrative and providing a nuanced understanding of the novel’s social and psychological dimensions. Based on these findings, the study recommends two key actions: (1) the inclusion of flashforward as a focal point in the teaching of narrative techniques in literature curricula, particularly in African literary studies; and (2) further scholarly exploration of flashforward in other African literary texts to uncover its broader relevance and application in postcolonial storytelling.
Copyright (c) 2026 M. I. Ramohlale, O. R. Chauke, N. Maluleke https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
African Names as a Vehicle to Selfhood and Cultural Identity amongst South Africans
In South African culture, naming a child is a deep tradition, usually done by the father’s family. Many children are named after their paternal grandfather or with guidance from ancestors, highlighting their identity and family role. This study explores how modern factors like education and Western religion have changed these customs. Researchers used group interviews and cultural analysis with 12 people from four villages. Results show that fewer people follow traditional naming practices, with many choosing Christian names and seeing African Indigenous Religion as outdated. Cultural rituals are now done in private due to social stigma. These changes weaken African cultural identity. The study highlights the need to revive traditional naming to protect African heritage.
Copyright (c) 2026 I. M. Ramohlale, O. R. Chauke, N. Maluleke https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Abuse, Frustration and Trauma in Fiction: Rethinking Power, Patriarch and the Politics of Fatherhood in Ndzi Ngo Tinciki by F. A. Thuketana and Hi Ya Kwihi by M. J. Maluleke
This article explores the themes of abuse, trauma, and frustration in two Xitsonga novels, Ndzi ngo Tinciki! by F.A. Thuketana and Hi ya Kwihi? by M.J. Maluleke, through a feminist and psychoanalytic lens. The title Ndzi ngo Tinciki translates to "I would rather hang myself," evoking a sense of overwhelming despair, while Hi ya Kwihi? translates to "Where are we going," hinting at existential uncertainty and frustration. Using textual analysis as the research method and thematic analysis as the data analysis method, the article examines how these themes manifest and intersect within the narratives, reflecting broader societal issues of gendered oppression, psychological distress, and resistance. The feminist framework highlights the power dynamics and systemic inequalities that shape the characters' experiences, while psychoanalytic theory provides insights into the emotional and psychological effects of abuse and trauma. Through this approach, the article seeks to uncover deeper meanings related to the characters' inner worlds and their struggles for agency, offering a critical understanding of how literature portrays the complexities of abuse and its enduring effects on individuals and communities. This article contributes to the broader discourse on African literature, particularly in how it reflects and critiques cultural norms surrounding gender and mental health.
Copyright (c) 2026 T. P. Ngobeni, O. R. Chauke https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effect of Inconsistent Economic Policy on Small and Medium Enterprises in Sub Saharan Africa
In emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs), particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) play a crucial role in generating employment and economic growth. For instance, SMEs make a significant contribution to the GDP of the continental economy through employment, revenue generation, and the development of technical and entrepreneurial skills, even though most of this is not recorded. Notwithstanding their significance, SMEs frequently encounter difficulties as a result of inconsistent government economic policies. These policies may result in lower investor confidence, higher operating expenses, and uncertainty in business planning. This study examines the connection between SME success and inconsistent economic policy, emphasizing important areas of impact. Using mixed method research approach, we aim to focus our study to examine the impact of economic policy inconsistency on SMEs, which are the engine of SSA economies, as opposed to our previous study, which examined fiscal policy uncertainty and its effects on businesses in emerging market economies. The growth and sustainability of SMEs are seriously hampered by inconsistent government policies, such as erratic taxation, shifting government expenditures, inconsistent trade laws, and unstable monetary policies. One important finding is that inconsistent economic policy seriously impairs long-term business planning, corporate operations, investment and growth. This study looks at how these policy discrepancies affect SMEs, with particular attention on their operational efficiency, access to finance, access to market and long-term sustainability and viability. There is also discussion of policy reform recommendations to lessen these difficulties.
Copyright (c) 2026 Samuel Olaniyi Akinyemi, Bright Onyedikachi Asonye https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Marker-Assisted Selection for Enhancing Iron and Zinc Content in Tef (Eragrostis tef): A Comprehensive Review
Tef (Eragrostis tef) is a vital staple crop in Ethiopia, consumed daily by over 50 million people. Despite its agronomic importance and nutritional potential, tef grain typically contains suboptimal levels of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), contributing to widespread micronutrient deficiencies. Enhancing the mineral content of tef through biofortification is therefore a crucial breeding objective. This review highlights the role of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in identifying and improving traits related to Fe and Zn content in tef. It discusses the use of various molecular markers, including SSRs, AFLPs, and SNPs, in assessing genetic diversity and trait associations. Insights from studies on pearl millet, lentil, and other cereals are also considered to inform tef improvement strategies. The discovery and validation of markers linked to grain Fe and Zn concentrations offer promising avenues for accelerating the development of nutrient-rich, high-yielding tef varieties. Overall, this review underscores the potential of integrating molecular tools into conventional breeding programs to address micronutrient malnutrition in tef-growing regions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zeleke Keimeso, Victor O. Adetimirin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
An Exploratory Study of Artificial Intelligence in Promoting Creative and Sustainable Science Education
This study explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in promoting creative and sustainable science education. As educational systems face increasing pressure to adapt to rapid technological advancements and address environmental challenges, AI offers promising solutions for transforming science learning. By reviewing existing literature and case studies, the researcher examines how AI-driven tools such as adaptive learning systems, intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), and virtual labs can enhance both creativity and sustainability in science education. These AI tools enable personalized learning experiences, support creative problem-solving, and foster deeper engagement with scientific concepts while reducing reliance on physical resources through resource-efficient methods. The study also addresses the challenges of AI integration, particularly the digital divide in developing regions, and emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration among educators, policymakers, and technology developers. Thus, AI’s role in curriculum design and resource optimization is discussed, providing a framework for creating future-ready education systems that prepare students for the demands of an increasingly complex world. The study concludes that AI enhanced critical thinking, creativity, and sustainability literacy among students, which offers valuable insights for advancing science education in both developed and developing settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Olufunke Olayinka Kayode, Abulraheem Dare Gbigbadua, Rasaq Sulyman, Muhinat Bolanle Bello, Safi Lawal, Surajudeen Tosho Bakinde https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Structural Analysis of the Influence of Learning Facilities, Lecturer Competence, and Quality of Academic Services on Learning Motivation with Student Satisfaction as a Mediation in Universities in Mimika Regency
This study investigates the effect of learning facilities, lecturer competency, and academic service quality on students' learning motivation, with student satisfaction serving as a mediating variable. Using a quantitative approach and structural equation modeling via SmartPLS, data were collected from 320 students across six higher education institutions in Mimika Regency, Indonesia. The findings indicate that all three institutional quality variables significantly affect student satisfaction. Academic service quality emerged as the most dominant factor influencing satisfaction, followed by lecturer competency and learning facilities. While learning facilities did not directly influence learning motivation, their indirect effect through student satisfaction was statistically significant. Moreover, student satisfaction was found to be a strong predictor of learning motivation, acting as a key mediator in the model. These results highlight the importance of improving institutional quality through service enhancement and educational support infrastructure to foster students' internal motivation. The study provides actionable insights for educational policymakers and institutional leaders aiming to improve academic engagement and learning outcomes through strategic quality management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Stepanus Sandy, Mansyur Ramly, Salim Basalamah, Syamsu Alam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
An Exploration of Reading Culture Among Contemporary Students in Institutions of Higher Learning, South Africa
Ostensibly, South Africa has long been troubled by a perennial crisis that confounds the achievement of an adept reading culture among their students across all levels of education. This article, therefore, explores reading culture among contemporary students in institutions of higher learning in South Africa. Traditional literature review method was utilised as the study’s methodology. Reviewed articles were accessed from recognised scientific databases such as EBSCOhost, ERIC, Scopus, Science Direct, the Web of Science, Wiley Online Libraries, and Google Scholar. The study established and thematised the following findings: The need for strong advocacy for reading, the enforcement of plagiarism policy, active or direct guidance on using artificial intelligence, and the perfidy of a poor reading culture. This study suggests the following strategies and recommendations as the way forward: National prioritisation of reading culture as a recreational activity, Offering hybrid reading and writing supervision services to students in Higher Education Institutions, Radical advocacy for a reading culture-friendly meta-universe and Initiating relations with countries possessing a globally rated reading culture.
reading culture in South African institutions of higher learning
reading habits in South African universities
Copyright (c) 2026 Athiphila Mzenzi, Simon Murote Kang’ethe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Assessing Grade 3 Learners' Current Level of Conceptual Understanding of Common Fraction Subtraction
Many grade 3 learners are expected to order, describe, and compare common fractions, including halves and quarters. However, they often struggle with fraction subtraction due to a limited conceptual understanding. This study investigates Grade 3 learners’ current levels of understanding of common fraction subtraction in the OR Tambo Inland District. A mixed-methods approach was used, incorporating pre-tests and classroom observations across five primary schools. Data were analysed using a four-level performance framework: (1) ability to draw a fraction unit from a word problem, (2) write a fraction number from a word problem, (3) solve a common fraction subtraction problem, and (4) interpret a word problem symbolically and solve it correctly. The findings revealed that most learners were at levels 1 and 2, indicating basic and procedural knowledge, with only a small proportion demonstrating conceptual understanding at levels 3 and 4. Contributing factors included limited use of visual aids, inadequate teacher training, minimal use of technology like Google Classroom, and weak foundational number sense. The study recommends targeted interventions such as enhanced professional development, integration of technology, and instructional strategies grounded in constructivism to strengthen conceptual understanding of fraction subtraction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nozuko Nqabeni, Msebenzi Rabaza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Gender and Learning Styles as Correlates of Grade Six Mathematics Performance in Selected Schools in Buffalo City, South Africa
Mathematics is one of the crucial disciplines that advances science and technology and contributes to any country's economic development. However, students perform poorly in Mathematics classes because of numerous variables. This study examines the connection between two factors, gender and learning preferences, and the mathematical performance of sixth-grade students in Buffalo City. Since this work takes a quantitative approach, the research strategy used is correlational. A stratified sampling technique was used to select 1225 from the population of Grade 6 students in Buffalo City Education District. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The findings showed that learning styles have a positive impact on Mathematics performance (r = 0.999; p>0.05). Nevertheless, these styles affect Mathematics performance in the following order: visual learning style ( = 13.242, SD = 5.565), takes the lead, followed by students with auditory learning style ( = 12.996, SD = 3.883), and Kinaesthetic learning style ( = 11.525, SD =3.800). There is no significant difference between male and female Grade 6 Mathematics performance in Buffalo city (t = -.217, df = 1218, p>0.05). The study concluded that one of the most fundamental issues to consider in improving Mathematics performance is the understanding of the students’ learning styles.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kemi Olajumoke Adu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Stakeholder-Oriented Strategies and Sustainable Profitability in Islamic Banking
Objective: This study examines how stakeholder-oriented strategies, particularly those aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), influence sustainable profitability in Islamic banking, with market share as a mediating variable and digitalization as a moderating factor. Methodology: A quantitative approach was employed using SmartPLS to analyze secondary panel data from Bank Syariah Indonesia (2019–2024). The model tested both mediation and moderation effects using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings: The results confirm that SDGs implementation significantly improves market share and profitability. Market share mediates the relationship between SDGs and profitability, while digitalization positively moderates the effect of SDGs on profitability. The model explains 59.1% of the variance in ROA, indicating strong predictive relevance. Theoretical and/or Methodological Contributions: The study integrates stakeholder theory into an Islamic banking context with a moderated mediation framework, offering new insights into how digitalization strengthens the financial impact of sustainability initiatives. Research/Practical Implications: The findings emphasize the strategic value of combining SDG alignment and digital innovation to improve market competitiveness and profitability in Islamic banks. Policymakers and practitioners can use this model to design stakeholder-driven, technology-enabled sustainability strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Hatta Fahamsyah, Listian Indriyani Achmad, Muhammad Najamuddin Dwi Miharja, Dian Sulistyorini Wulandari, Muhammad Novan, Iqbal Tri Utomo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Next-Generation Computer Engineering: Integrating Artificial Intelligence, Edge Computing, and Secure Architectures
The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Edge Computing, and Secure Architectures as the foundational components of next-generation computer engineering is the subject of this paper. The integration of intelligent processing, low-latency computation, and robust security measures has become essential as digital systems become increasingly complex and interconnected. In order to propose a unified framework for their integration, this research investigates the theoretical foundations, practical implementations, and potential for the future of these technologies. The findings indicate that such synergy improves security, responsiveness, and performance in a variety of application domains, including autonomous systems, smart cities, and healthcare.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rasha W. Mohammed Taher Ahmed, Ayad Mohsin Sabhan Jafar, Munaf Hasan Lafta Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Challenges and Strategies in Drivers’ Parking Preference
Parking not only occupies a significant amount of space but also has numerous negative environmental impacts. One major consequence is traffic congestion caused by vehicles maneuvering in and out of parking spaces. Additionally, the time and fuel waste while searching for parking contribute to pollution and other environmental issues. The extent of these effects is largely influenced by parking decisions and behaviors, which play a key role in increasing pollution and congestion. The study examines the challenges and strategies in drivers’ parking preference. Three internet databases were searched for articles between 2021 and 2025 (i.e., a cumulative index using Scopus, the Web of Science, and Proquest to provide a summary of the challenges and strategies in drivers’ parking preference). The findings from this systematic review highlight the diverse and interrelated factors influencing drivers’ parking preferences, presenting various challenges for urban planners, policymakers, and transportation authorities.
Copyright (c) 2026 AbuGhazayain Ali Ahmed Ali Ahmed, Suzyanty binti Mohd Shokory https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Intersection of Opportunity and Caution: Understanding How Company Size Moderates the Relationship between Growth Opportunities and Accounting Conservatism
This study examines the relationship between growth opportunities and accounting conservatism, with a specific focus on the moderating role of company size. Using panel data regression on 296 firm-year observations, the analysis reveals a significant negative relationship between growth opportunities and accounting conservatism, suggesting that firms with higher growth prospects tend to apply less conservative accounting practices. Furthermore, the findings show that company size significantly moderates this relationship; larger firms are more likely to maintain accounting conservatism even when facing strong growth potential. These results are interpreted through the lens of Agency Theory and Positive Accounting Theory (PAT). From an agency perspective, reduced conservatism in high-growth firms is linked to managerial opportunism and increased information asymmetry, whereas larger firms face stronger monitoring and regulatory pressures, encouraging more conservative reporting. From the PAT perspective, smaller firms may behave opportunistically under bonus or debt covenant incentives, while larger firms adopt conservative policies to avoid political costs. The findings offer important implications for policymakers, auditors, and investors in evaluating financial reporting quality across different firm profiles.
Copyright (c) 2026 Neng Asiah, Maulina Diyah Permatasri, Vista Yulianti, Rifki Saputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Degree of the Availability of the Requirements for Applying the Future School in Jordan Schools
The study aimed to examine the degree of availability of the requirements for applying (or implementing) the future school in Jordan schools from the point of view of its principals. The study sample consists of 64 male and female principals during the academic year 2024-2025. This study uses the descriptive-mapping approach. The questionnaire was developed as a study tool that consists of 36 sections and is distributed in four fields. The findings suggest that the total average of the degree of availability of the requirements for applying the future school in Jordan schools from the point of view of its principals had a medium assessment and statistically indicative differences due to experience years, and the differences came in favor of 10 years and more. The findings also conclude that there are no statistically indicative differences in the degree of availability of the requirements for applying to the future school related to academic qualification or gender. The study recommends holding training courses for teachers to raise their functional performance level, and so on.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rami Mahmoud Ababneh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Exploring Amapiano's Influence: The Intersection of Music, Fashion, and Language in Shaping South African Culture
South African youth culture continues to evolve in dynamic ways; however, limited scholarly attention has been given to how Amapiano music serves as a powerful cultural instrument for identity formation, socio-political commentary, and economic empowerment. This article critically explores the influence of Amapiano on youth identity, fashion, language, and cultural resistance in contemporary South Africa. Anchored in Critical Race Theory, the study investigates how marginalised youth utilise Amapiano to challenge dominant cultural narratives and construct alternative identities in the post-apartheid era. Methodologically, this qualitative research employs thematic content analysis of Amapiano music videos, lyrics, and performances, complemented by semi-structured interviews with artists and fans. The findings illustrate that Amapiano transcends its musical roots to become a youth-led cultural movement characterised by self-expression, social critique, and economic agency. Key elements such as fashion and language play pivotal roles in shaping the genre’s cultural footprint, symbolising liberation, innovation, and resistance. The genre’s use of multiple South African languages fosters a sense of inclusivity and reflects a hybrid cultural identity. Moreover, Amapiano’s global resonance enables local youth to position themselves as creative pioneers within transnational cultural flows. It also creates communal spaces for expression, entrepreneurship, and solidarity. This study contributes to the field of cultural studies by illuminating Amapiano’s transformative role in reconfiguring youth identity and cultural agency, offering insights into music’s power as a tool for resistance and social change in post-apartheid society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zolile Celiwe Sinenhlnhla Xulu, Katlego Terresa Motubatse, Sakhiseni Joseph Yende https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Carrier's Liability for Maritime Cargo: A Comparative Analysis of Indonesian Shipping Law and International Conventions
The analysis of efficient and safe cargo movement via maritime routes significantly impacts economic connections between countries and other countries. Inconsistencies between national legislation and international commitments might result in conflicts in maritime transportation. In the context of Indonesian maritime law, the exploration of carrier liability is particularly important given the complex interaction between national regulations and international conventions. The carrier, as the responsible entity, is expected to adhere to the stringent standards set by international law; yet, variations in the interpretation and application of regulations at the national level may hinder such compliance. This study aims to examine the carrier's liability in goods transportation under international and national maritime law, in addition to the problems encountered in its legal and execution of operations. This research employs a normative-juridical approach to analyze the relevant legal provisions, utilizing descriptive-analytical methods to comprehend the intricacies of rules pertaining to carrier liability. These findings should provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between Indonesian law and international conventions in the wider context of Indonesian maritime law.
Copyright (c) 2026 Heru Iskhan, I Gusti Ayu Ketut RH, Hartiwiningsih, Ranat Mulia Pardede https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Intra- Gender Dynamics Beyond Numbers: Challenges Faced by Female Employees in Female-Dominated Workplaces
Bullying is humiliating, damaging, and cruel. However, its significant impact on the psychological well-being of the victim is often overlooked. In addition, bullying within the workplace affects productivity, staff turnover, morale, and motivation of employees. This paper is based on the thesis that was compiled which explored the effects of female-to-female employee bullying within a female-dominated workplace at the Department of Social Development, Gauteng Province. The study adopted a qualitative approach and a phenomenological design to explore participants’ perspectives on their experiences, actions, and events. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 10 participants who were employees working in a female-dominated workplace at the Department of Social Development, Gauteng Province. Semi-structured interviews were used for collecting the data which was then analysed using semi-structured interviews. The study findings contribute to filling the research gap on female-to-female workplace bullying in South Africa. Therefore, this paper addresses the challenges that female employees experience in a female-dominated workplace while they strive for success and reach the glass ceiling.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lungisile Lorraine Simelane, Thobeka Nkomo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Use of Schema Theory in Teaching English Reading Comprehension in the Junior Schools of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Reading comprehension is essential for learning English, particularly for English as a First Additional Language (EFAL) learners, who often struggle due to limited vocabulary, unfamiliar subjects, and a lack of exposure to the language and cultural backgrounds of the texts. Conventional teaching methods, like the Grammar-Translation Method, focus mainly on grammar and word recognition, often overlooking the cognitive and experiential aspects necessary for proper understanding. Schema Theory, which originates from cognitive psychology, serves as a valuable framework for understanding how prior knowledge, organized into mental structures called schemata, aids in meaning-making during reading. This paper examines how Schema Theory can be applied to enhance reading comprehension among ESL learners, focusing on techniques for activating their schemata before and during the reading process. The research combines theoretical insights with practical findings, showcasing the significance of linguistic, content, and formal schemas in the comprehension process. It suggests that using schema-based teaching strategies, such as pre-teaching vocabulary, discussing overarching themes, and providing contextual information, can significantly boost learner engagement and reading performance, especially in multilingual and under-resourced educational settings. The paper highlights the importance of integrating schema activation methods into reading instruction to better support learners from diverse backgrounds, ultimately leading to improved literacy outcomes and enhanced critical thinking skills. Additionally, it offers suggestions for educators to adopt schema-based strategies that can help address gaps in learners’ background knowledge and foster meaningful engagement with reading materials.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mkululi Lele https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0