Challenging Patriarchal Proverbs: The Role of Mahosi in Transforming Gender Norms and Combating Gender-Based Violence in the Vhembe District

Abstract

This paper explores the perceptions of Mahosi (traditional leaders) in the Vhembe District of Limpopo, South Africa, regarding patriarchal proverbs that normalize Gender-Based Violence (GBV) and perpetuate toxic masculinity. Drawing on qualitative data from in-depth interviews with ten Mahosi, the study examines the cultural implications of proverbs such as “Vhida la mufumakadzi li vhuhadzi” (“a woman must tolerate the hardships of marriage until she dies in the abusive marriage”) and “Mufumakadzi u fara lufhanga nga vhuhalini” (“a woman must bravely endure whatever challenge comes her way”). Participants highlighted the role of initiation schools as platforms that once reinforced these harmful beliefs but are now being transformed into spaces promoting anti-GBV values. Guided by transformative leadership theory, findings reveal how Mahosi-led initiatives challenge entrenched gender norms through education, advocacy, and reinterpretation of cultural practices. While the study emphasizes Mahosi’s essential role in promoting gender equity, it also identifies barriers such as deeply ingrained cultural beliefs and limited resources. Recommendations include promoting partnerships with civil society and government to enhance the sustainability of these interventions and ensure meaningful cultural shifts.