Marker-Assisted Selection for Enhancing Iron and Zinc Content in Tef (Eragrostis tef): A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Tef (Eragrostis tef) is a vital staple crop in Ethiopia, consumed daily by over 50 million people. Despite its agronomic importance and nutritional potential, tef grain typically contains suboptimal levels of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), contributing to widespread micronutrient deficiencies. Enhancing the mineral content of tef through biofortification is therefore a crucial breeding objective. This review highlights the role of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in identifying and improving traits related to Fe and Zn content in tef. It discusses the use of various molecular markers, including SSRs, AFLPs, and SNPs, in assessing genetic diversity and trait associations. Insights from studies on pearl millet, lentil, and other cereals are also considered to inform tef improvement strategies. The discovery and validation of markers linked to grain Fe and Zn concentrations offer promising avenues for accelerating the development of nutrient-rich, high-yielding tef varieties. Overall, this review underscores the potential of integrating molecular tools into conventional breeding programs to address micronutrient malnutrition in tef-growing regions.