Significance of Chemical Technologies in the Processing of Environmental and Domestic Waste

Abstract

Environmental  policy  is  rapidly  being  implemented  in  the  economic  strategy  of developed countries and large companies. It includes a system aimed at rational use of natural resources, protection, and its restoration in the country and abroad. This policy is carried out both at the level of the country and at the level of companies that are committed to follow these standards in their development strategy. Due to this, the European Union has recently strengthened control not only of product quality, but also of its environmental friendliness. There are two different approaches to technical innovation in chemistry. The first is that  new  technologies  and  processes  reduce  the  cost  of  eliminating  sources  of pollution to a minimum level, and the second is that new technologies (the right way to  approach  this  issue)  ensure  the  radical  elimination  of  the  cause  of  actual  or potential chemical problems. The effective use of catalysts in the chemical industry is considered very effective, as they  reduce  energy  costs  and  simultaneously  increase  the  selectivity  of  processes. Currently,   80%   of   catalysts   are   used   in   various   technological   processes.   The significant environmental impact of intermediates can be seen in the catalyst in the production of acrylic acid.  Acrylic  acid  is  effectively  used  in  the  production  of dispersions,  varnishes,  superabsorbents  and  other  products.  As a result of research carried out in the last 25 years, the amount of unnecessary intermediate products has been reduced to 75%. The catalyst is also used effectively to obtain products for the desired purposes from the initial raw materials. The reduction of the amount of waste also reduces the energy consumption. Dichloroethane, an important semi-product in the production of vinyl chloride, is obtained by oxidation of ethylene in the presence of   hydrochloric   acid   and   air.   This   process   leads   to   the   formation   of   CO, chlorohydrocarbons. To reduce the amount of such gases, it is advisable to use oxygen as an oxidizer.